两种不同钾肥在马铃薯上应用效果的研究

盆栽试验结果表明，氯化钾和硫酸钾均能提高马铃薯叶绿素含量，块茎产量较对照增加显著。供试两种钾肥对马铃薯淀粉含量有增加作用，但对维生素C含量有降低趋势。田间试验结果表明，钾肥具有增加大、中薯，降低小薯比例的效果，从而提高商品率。在海伦黑土上，每公顷施氯化钾52．5～202．5kg，增产块茎6．8％～17．6％。在富锦黑粘土上，每公顷施等量的氯化钾，增产块茎6．5％～20．0％。     

种子引发剂氯化胆碱和吲哚丁酸钾对盐胁迫下水稻幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

为探讨种子引发剂对盐胁迫下水稻幼苗生长及生理特性的影响机制,以杂交稻湘两优900和常规稻黄华占为材料,研究引发剂氯化胆碱(CC)和吲哚丁酸钾(IBAK)对盐胁迫下水稻幼苗生长、光合特性、抗氧化代谢及渗透调节的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫抑制水稻幼苗生长,3.0 mg·L^-1CC和1.0 mg·L^-1IBAK为缓解盐胁迫对水稻幼苗生长抑制的适宜引发浓度,添加引发剂CC的湘两优900根干重显著增加9.64%,而添加引发剂CC和IBAK的黄华占根系总长度、叶面积、地上干重、根干重、壮苗指数分别显著增加24.78%和14.39%、43.06%和36.33%、11.45%和7.43%、34.60%和28.62%、41.89%和33.55%。引发剂CC和IBAK处理可显著提高盐胁迫下两品种水稻叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和叶绿素含量;激活超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性;同时增加抗坏血酸(AsA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量;抑制活性氧积累,降...     

壳聚糖包膜缓释钾肥的初步研究

以壳聚糖和KC l为主要原料制备壳聚糖包膜KC l的微球,测定了微球在25℃水中浸泡后K+的释放速率,并应用扫描电子显微镜对浸泡前后微球表面膜结构进行表征。结果表明:壳聚糖对K+的包埋率达到97.08%;K+释放量增量表现为,1-4 d快速上升,5-59 d稳定上升,60 d后开始减缓。扫描电镜观察结果表明:微球浸泡前表面膜结构密实;浸泡73 d后微球表面膜形成大量突起、均匀的小孔。24和28 d包膜微球在水中的释放量均符合缓释肥料标准。     

金合欢基溴合成角鲨烯反应及异构体形成机理的研究

通过自制高效偶联试剂三三苯基膦氯化亚钴和自制金合欢基溴的还原偶联反应，成功地合成了角鲨烯。初步探索了主要反应条件如反应时间等对偶联反应中产物角鲨烯得率的影响。结果表明，在常温、偶联试剂过量10％、反应4h及充分搅拌的条件下，角鲨烯得率45．6％。用GC和GC-MS分析了合成产物角鲨烯，探讨了角鲨烯6个异构体的形成机理和可能的化学结构以及在GC图谱中的出峰顺序。另外，还探讨了合成三三苯基膦氯化亚钴中硼氢化钠滴加速度和搅拌速率对反应的影响。     

NaCl和Na2CO3对星星草生长及营养液中主要矿质元素存在状态的影响

星星草生长在０－６００ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ和０－２００ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＣＯ３的盐胁迫下，测定了其生长状况及营养液中主要矿质离子的游离度、活度等。结果表明：相同Ｎａ＾＋活度下，Ｎａ２ＣＯ３对星星草的生长尤其是根生长的抑制作用明显大于ＮａＣｌ。     

氯化胆碱对黄瓜子叶期幼苗的影响

以７日龄黄化黄瓜幼苗为材料，在控制条件下分别观察到７０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ氯化胆碱（ＣＣ）显著促进离体子叶转绿；５０～４００ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＣＣ显著促进离体子叶叶面积扩大，对离体子叶鲜重及干重增加也有促进效应，并观察到１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＣＣ能促进子叶──下胚轴切段上的不定根分化。     

Response of pea (Pisum sativum L.) to mepiquat chloride under varying application doses and stages

Grown as a monoculture, peas (Pisum sativum L.) exhibit severe lodging after flowering and lodging causes yield reductions considerable. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dose (untreated, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g a.i. ha^?1) and stage (late vegetative, early blooming and early pod filling) of mepiquat chloride (MC) application on the growth, lodging control, seed yield and yield parameters of pea (Pisum sativum L.) under field conditions in Erzurum, Turkey in 2002 and 2003. Application doses of 25, 50, 75 and 100 g a.i. ha^?1 significantly reduced stem height by 5.3 %, 7.2 %, 7.5 % and 6.4 % and increased stem width by 7.5 %, 12.7 %, 12.3 % and 15.7 % respectively, when compared with the untreated control, and thereby reduced the tendency of the crop to lodging. Increases of the seed yield under different application doses of MC ranged between 13.7 % and 20.1 % over the untreated control. However, in all parameters investigated, except for stem width, higher application doses of MC gave no clear advantages compared with the application dose of 25 g a.i. ha^?1. Seed yield was also significantly influenced by application stage of MC and application at early blooming stage of crop, MC significantly increased seed yield by 11.4 % and 10.2 % when compared with the late vegetative and the early pod filling stages respectively. Furthermore, the interaction of application dose and stage was significant, and spraying of pea plants with 25 g a.i. ha^?1 MC at early blooming stage has the most beneficial effects on the characters evaluated.     

氯化钾缓解肉仔鸡热应激的研究

120只28日龄艾维茵(AVIAN)肉仔鸡随机分为1、2、3、4组.1组为对照组,饮自来水;2、3、4组为试验组,分别饮添加0.18％、0.26％、0.34％氯化钾的自来水.舍温控制在34±1℃.试验期为4周.结果,各组鸡增重、采食量、饲料效率、饮水量的顺序均为第4组→第3组→第2组→第1组.饮水中添加KCI,肉仔鸡血清K~ 浓度高于对照组,而直肠温度、呼吸率及血清尿酸浓度则相反.血清Na~ 前两周3、4组显著低于1组,以后趋于一致.血细胞压积(PCV)、血液PH、CO_2分压(PCO_2)、氧分压(PO_2)、碳酸氢根(HCO_3)和血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、白/球比以及血糖,组间均差异不显著.本试验表明,饮水中添加KCI能较好地缓解热应激对肉仔鸡生长的影响,增强肉仔鸡对高温的耐受性,并可提高其生产性能.     

Salinity an Environmental “Filter” Selecting for Plant Invasiveness? Evidence from Indigenous Lepidium alyssoides on Chihuahuan Desert Shrublands

A better understanding of site-specific factors such as soil salinity that regulate plant invasions is needed. We conducted a 3-mo greenhouse study to evaluate the salinity responses of three local maternal sources of Lepidium alyssoides, which is an indigenous species shown to aggressively colonize disturbed shrubland sites in the southwestern United States, including those affected by high salinity and sodicity. Results indicated that there were little or no population effects on plant evapotranspiration (ET), growth, and tissue Na and Cl concentrations. Significant reductions in seedling growth and ET were largely independent of various isosmotic saline irrigation solutions that included NaCl, Na₂SO₄, and CaCl₂, each at ? 0.1 MPa and ? 0.2 MPa, suggesting that ET and growth were controlled by solution osmotic potential. The combined Na and Cl concentrations in leaves were 9–10% of dry weight with no visible sign of injury. However, increasing leaf mortality and abscission as a proportion of total leaf production was observed in the high-salt treatments (? 0.2 MPa), with a combined Na and Cl concentration reaching 16% with high NaCl. Under saline conditions, considerable foliage salt loads of this species could deposit high-salt litter to potentially alter a landscape to its own favor and to the detriment of other salt-sensitive species. Results of this study add to a limited quantitative database on site-specific salinity factors governing plant invasions by showing the potential for these populations to behave invasively under saline conditions and, thus, potential for soil salinity assessment to predict incipient populations. However, due to its halophytic traits and indigenous status, L. alyssoides may alternatively provide ecosystem services to salinized shrublands of the arid and semiarid southwestern United States.     

Which source and level of dietary sodium is appropriate for broiler chickens reared in a high‐altitude area?

This study investigated effect of increasing level of dietary sodium using sodium bicarbonate or sodium chloride on growth performance, mortality, characteristics of carcass, organs and tibia, calcium and phosphorus of serum in broilers reared in a high‐altitude area (1,700 m above sea level). A total of 588 Ross 308 male broiler chicks were used in seven treatments, six replicates per treatment of 14 birds per each from 1 to 38 d of age. Seven dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet (with 0.16% sodium and 0.23% chloride), top‐dressed for six diets to give three supplementary levels of sodium (0.07%, 0.14% and 0.21%) from sodium bicarbonate (respectively by 0.26%, 0.52% and 0.78%) or sodium chloride (respectively by 0.18%, 0.36% and 0.54%), resulting in seven diets with total sodium and chloride levels of 0.16% and 0.23%, 0.23% and 0.23%, 0.30% and 0.23%, 0.37% and 0.23%, 0.23% and 0.33%, 0.30% and 0.44%, 0.37% and 0.55% respectively. Increasing sodium level improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) linearly and quadratically. However, when FCR was calculated without adjusting for feed intake of mortalities, the enhanced sodium level did not improve this parameter. Increasing sodium level via sodium chloride enhanced ascites mortality, total mortality, relative weight of heart and right ventricle linearly. Increasing sodium level reduced serum calcium and enhanced serum phosphorus linearly; however, there was a linear tendency to increase tibia ash when sodium level was enhanced by sodium bicarbonate (p = 0.08) or sodium chloride (p = 0.07). Increasing sodium level via sodium bicarbonate tended (p = 0.08) to reduce tibia strength linearly. In conclusion, a diet with 0.16% sodium and 0.23% chloride is enough for broiler chicken reared in a high‐altitude area, and increasing dietary sodium level via sodium chloride has detrimental effect on survivability of broiler in such condition.